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I’m on my way back from Copenhagen where we had a very productive meeting to update the ISCAID pyelonephritis antimicrobial treatment guidelines for dogs and cats. As the process for developing guidelines like these has matured, it’s no longer about simply getting some very smart people in a room and agreeing on recommendations; it’s now

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We don’t talk a lot about antiviral resistance in animals, particularly compared to antibacterial resistance, primarily because we don’t use antivirals a lot in animals – but we do use some.

When we use any anti-infective medication, we have to think about the risks of resistance developing to that medication, and how we can try

If I asked 100 random people on the street “should we be giving antibiotics to healthy animals?” I’m pretty sure most or all of them would say “no.

That makes sense in a lot of ways. We should save antimicrobials to treat sick individuals (especially people), and we shouldn’t use antimicrobials in